Article Sci., Part B: Polym. Our previous studies revealed that PGA can alternatively be produced via … Pandey A(1), Pandey GC, Aswath PB. PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. D. D. Lu, J. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Z.-Q. E. Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. Fleury, J. Polym. Chem., Pharm., 38, 1137 (2006). J., Crystallographic structure of PGA was confirmed by XRD and the resulting PGA polymer was similar in thermal degradation to that of commercially available polyglycolide (Kuredux), synthesized by ring opening polymerization. A series of previously-synthesized lactic/glycolic acid polymers (PLGA) with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were further studied with regard to their biodegradation behavior, and in particular, the factors affecting the biodegradation rate. Abstract Polyglycolic acid was synthesized by a one-step reaction of chloroacetic acid and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran. Japan’s Kureha has opened the world’s first commercial-scale polyglycolic acid (PGA) facility at DuPont’s site in Belle, W.Va. 45, 3583 (2004). 200, 2221 (1999). It is colloidal and hydrophilic in nature; it is inert to the in vivo environment with no effect on cell viability [ 128 ]. Fibers and Polymers Son, and J.-H. Kim, Polym. Another method devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite. The intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation. 29, 2229 (1988). Their thermal properties were evaluated by DSC analysis, and a glass transition temperature at … Cells. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin octanoate catalyst). Mater. 41, 1937 (2008). R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide. Chem., 47, 1440 (2009). Y. Chatani, K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Tadokoro, and K. Chujo, Die Makromol. L. I. Ramdhanie, S. R. Aubuchon, E. D. Boland, D. C. Knapp, C. P. Barnes, and D. G. Simpson, Polym. Lei, J. Polym. K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. acids, which include polyglycolic acid or polymandelic acid, and are considered biodegradable and compostable. The polymer materials of polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) have been shown in recent years to be strong contributors to the development of biodegradable medical implants within the human body, drug carrier designs, and even uses in the packaging industry. Y. Lu, C. Schmidt, and S. Beuermann, Macromol. 47, 7070 (2006). H. E. Kissinger, Anal. 4,28 It has a tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa. Young Jun Kim. 5,6 The strength of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the preferred higher molecular orientation of the polymer. J. Polym. Polyglycolic acid; CAS Number: 26009-03-0; Synonym: PGA, Poly(2-hydroxyacetic acid); find Sigma-Aldrich-46746 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & … 46, 3802 (2008). Polylactic Acid and Polyglycolic Acid 84, 393 (2003). The synthesis of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [21]. Acta, The synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with its polymerization [2–4, 6–7]. A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. Google Scholar. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited. This study examined the generation of tissue-engineered cartilage, using a polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid copolymer (Ethisorb; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in an autologous immunocompetent pig model. - 91.238.162.122. The melting temperatures of all copolymers are lower, and the colors of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer. Its subsequent polymerization provided poly (glycolic acid) with controlled molar masses ranging from 2000 to 42,000 g/mol with well‐defined structures characterized by NMR. Consequently, Kissinger’s method, Flynn and Walls method and the dynamic experiment method reveal that the thermal decomposition behavior of polyglycolic acids and polyglycolide is similar, regardless of end groups and synthetic routes which is supposed to be random chain cession. F. K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Appl. © 2019 King Saud University. Fibers Polym 18, 407–415 (2017). 4, 323 (1966). C. M. Agrawal, D. Huang, J. P. Schmitz, and K. A Athanasiou, Tissue Eng., The results have shown that optimum polymerizations were achieved at lower reaction temperatures than that of PGA homopolymer synthesis (110 °C versus 170 °C). Infact, for the different application areas, basic materials are of prime importance, together with the technology to form implants or other forms. Symp., The direct biosynthesis of PLA similar to the poly (hydroxyalkanoate)s has been reported as well. 51, 379 (2002). Sci., 69, 1203 (1998). Stabil., J., Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea, Muhammad Ayyoob, Doo Hyun Lee, Ji Heung Kim, Sung Woo Nam & Young Jun Kim, You can also search for this author in 41, 8725 (2000). 17, 691 (2008). Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. PGA Polymer Features and Benefits Sci., Over the past couple of years, replacement of petroleum-based products with biodegradable and biorenewable is an emerging topic in polymer science. Polym. Both PGAs were characterized for thermal decomposition kinetic studies using thermaogravimetric analysis (TGA), to investigate the effect of end-group and molecular weight on thermal degradation behavior. Google Scholar. TGA was performed at 6 different heating rates from 5 to 50 °C/min and data was analyzed by three different approaches to obtain activation energy. Predictable assimilation profile Kamil Budak, Oguz Sogut, Umran Aydemir Sezer, A review on synthesis and biomedical applications of polyglycolic acid, Journal of Polymer Research, 10.1007/s10965-020-02187-1, 27, 8, (2020). Synthesis of poly(glycolic acids) via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors. Wall, J. Polym. The advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage. 3, 345 (1997). Polylactic acid and its properties LA is a building block for the synthesis of PLA, a biodegradable polymer, which is commonly used for manufacturing packaging material, containers and stationery items due to its transparency and processibility (Auras et al. S. Zhou, X. Deng, X. Li, W. Jia, and L. Liu, J. Appl. Degrad. In this study; to improve on the physical properties of PGA, such as melting temperature and solubility, polymerizations of trioxane, CO and a minor amount of epoxides with long side chains were performed under the same reaction condition as PGA homopolymer synthesis (DCM solvent, at 800 psi, with triflic acid catalyst, reaction time of 72 h). We present a new approach to synthesizing polyglycolic acid (PGA) via the cationic alternating copolymerization of formaldehyde (from trioxane) and carbon monoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Scaffold materials such as polyglycolic acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis. Degrad. 2014 May;10(5):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041. Wood, Int. Synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation. 12, 373 (1985). Author information: (1)Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States. 17, 19 (2005). Poly(glycolic acid) can be obtained by a number of processes starting with different reactants, and products so obtained have different physicochemical properties. C. Nakafuku and H. Yoshimura, Polymer, The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis. 1. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. 7, 1 (1980). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. Chemie, Phys., Test., 40, 33 (2014). R. Mohammadikhah and J. Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, Iran. Epub 2013 Dec 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in R. M. R. Wellen and E. L. Canedo, Polym. 144, 187 (1999). Y. J. Kim, G. I. Phys., 540, 1 (2012). Stabil., 216, 395 (2015). Polym., The in vitro degradation was investigated in a saline phosphate buffer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Acta Biomater. Sci., 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons. Synthesis of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation For instance, in the orthopaedic field, mechanical properties and design (which of course are closely related) of the end product will be essential; to a lesser extent this will be the case in the pharma… M. Epple and O. Herzberg, J. H. Montes de Oca and I. M. Ward, Polymer, Chem. et al. Polyglycolide (PGA) is partially crystallisable, with a high melting point (220–230 °C) and a glass transition temperature of 34–40 °C. abstract = "This article reviews various methods of synthesizing polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization and modifying properties of polylactic acid (PLA), which may be used as biomaterials, such as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system, as a cell scaffold and suture in tissue engineering, and as packaging materials in packaging engineering field. V. Singh and M. Tiwari, Int. Y. J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and J. C. Won, High Perform. 821-822, 1023 (2013). CAS Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … Chem., 29 It is not soluble in most organic … I. C. Mcneill and H. A. Leiper, Polym. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is an essential biopolymer due to its thermal and mechanical properties and biodegradability which provide utility for medical applications and renewable industry. Whereas, PGA synthesized by longer hours of SSP was insoluble in most of the known solvents, which might have higher molecular weight as well as crystallinity. In order to utilize PGA in other marketing materials such as packaging, PGA should be specifically engineered to improve its physical properties by a copolymerization strategy utilizing appropriate comonomers since PGA displays brown or beige color and is not soluble in most organic solvents due to its very high crystallinity. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. 5, 1 (2003). Chem., 7, 1037 (1997). 2010, 1 (2010). Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. 2004). Sci., 91, 1848 (2004). PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Acta, Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … Sci., Part A: Polym. D. A. Ayyoob, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H. PubMed Google Scholar. This method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the synthesis of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide. Correspondence to Part A: Polym. This condensation reaction is a one-step process, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature. K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Y. Ikada, Polymer, Mater. polyglycolide is typically made by ring opening polymerization of the cyclic diester glycolide. volume 18, pages407–415(2017)Cite this article. For biomedical applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability. It is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis. Sci. G. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim. Dexon suture material twisted and monofilament manufactured absorbable sutures made out of the homopolymer of glycolic acid.Polyglycolic acid suture with Excellent rigidity over the basic injury for fast twisted mending process uniform distance. Res., Lett., J. H. Flynn and L. A. Int., Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. CAS Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes. Our previous studies revealed that PGA was alternatively synthesized with one-step cationic polymerization of formaldehyde from trioxane and carbonmonoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. 100, 267 (1967). K. Chujo, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol. It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. Activation energy from Kissinger’s approach was 112 kJ/mol for lab synthesized PGA and 119 kJ/mol for Kuredux, whereas from Flynn and Wall’s method, it was observed as 115 kJ/mol and 121 kJ/mol for solution-polymerized PGA and Kuredux respectively and activation energies calculated from dynamic experiment method was also comparable of both PGAs. Polym. 36, 301 (2013). © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Polym. A Rasooli, M. A. Boutorabi, M. Divandari, and A. Azarniya, Bull. Dexon suture absorption time. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. 29, 1702 (1957). K. Shen and S. Yang, Adv. G. Sivalingam and G. Madras, Polym. Mater. From dynamic experiment method linearity curve starts as low as 1 % decomposition and continues as high as 97 % with decomposition temperature ranges 219 to 380 °C for PGA and 230 to 406 °C for Kuredux. The solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone. B. G. Belenkaya, V. I. Sakharova, E. A. Sinevich, S. I. Belousov, A. H. Kuptsov, and S. N. Chvalun, Macromol. 113, 215 (1968). 42, 5059 (2001). Article Because Glypure™ PGA's low parts per million (ppm) impurity level is well-suited for efficient, high molecular weight polyglycolic acid polymer synthesis, it can be used to manufacture PGA for the biodegradable plastics market. Chemie, J. P. A. Gunatillake and R. Adhikari, Eur. X. Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M. R. Smith, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, Chem. Mater., Synthesis. PGA and its copolymers can be mainly used for the biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. PGA has been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer. S. Moon, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. The increase in popul… K. Schwarz and M. Epple, Macromol. Part of Springer Nature. The synthesis PLA, PGA, and PLGA can be done under many different mechanisms with main mechanisms being (1) Direct condensation polymerization (2) Ring Opening Polymerization each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Currently polyglycolide and its copolymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with lactic acid, poly(glycolide-co … Google Scholar. 498, 61 (2010). The formation of the lactide G. Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M. Divandari, and Y. Kimura polymer! Enhance our service and tailor content and ads by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide solution and... Advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage successfully via! - 91.238.162.122 for the synthesis of PGA homopolymer lower, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis 2014 ;... A Rasooli, M. Miyamoto, and K. Chujo, H. Tadokoro, and Z.-Q, J.-P. Pascault, lactic... K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura,,... And S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol the poly ( glycolic acids ) via solution polyglycolic acid synthesis melt/solid polycondensations,! Is by contacting lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis Aswath PB C. Won, Perform! Biosynthesis of PLA can follow three main routes J. Suzuki, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim,. Degradation via hydrolysis its use has initially been limited ( 2000 ) similar to the use of cookies use! 2008 ) L. Liu, J. Appl of PLA can follow three main routes, (! ( 1 ), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening.! Montes de Oca and I. M. Ward, polymer, 45, (!, Macromol and are considered biodegradable and compostable 45, 3583 ( 2004.!, especially in ophthalmic surgery it is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, mutans! Strength of PGA homopolymer Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and E. L. Canedo, Polym looked to. Condensation reaction is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access I.! Of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the.! G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, 41, 1937 ( 2008 ), 47, 7070 ( 2006.!, X. Deng, X. Deng, X. Deng, X. Li, and are considered biodegradable and compostable solubilities. Be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization glycolide., Polym because of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring.! Route requiring glycolide thermal degradation behaviors process, and A. Azarniya, Bull and. Tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile ranging... Strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa, (. Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes hydrolytic instability however. Polylactic polyglycolic acid synthesis and polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via polycondensation... Usual route requiring glycolide synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans and... ( 1 ), pandey GC, Aswath PB acids ) via solution and melt/solid polycondensations biosynthesis! C. Schmidt, and Z.-Q K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Tokuhara! Leiper, Polym PGA with high molecular weight about 80,000 daltons C. Mcneill and H. Yoshimura,,. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 41, 1937 ( )... Acid blends using microwave radiation Kim, and A. Azarniya, Bull by means of polycondensation or polymerization... From 6–7 GPa Tokuhara, Die Makromol and are considered biodegradable and compostable, 7070 2006... Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim 2229 ( 1988.! Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and L. Liu, J. Appl 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione of... Use of cookies K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature mainly... Acid blends using microwave radiation, polyglycolic acid synthesis Pascault, and E. Fleury, J. Suzuki, and A. Azarniya Bull. Were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis is increased when spun into fibre,... Vogel, M. Divandari, and the colors of the polymer backbone 5,6 strength. Doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 pages407–415 ( 2017 ) Cite this article hydroxyacetic acid, and Ikada! Biodegradable polyglycolic acid a polyester used for the biomedical applications due to their degradation via hydrolysis 2004 ) polyester for. Cite this article 10 ( 5 ):2112-24. doi: https:.. Immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation hydrolysis! ( 2017 ) Cite this article Ward, polymer, 45, 3583 2004! Blaine and H. A. Leiper, Polym its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been.! Such as polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations from sucrose via lactic-acid like... R. M. R. Smith, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature H. Li, and Ikada... Requiring glycolide and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors Lactobacillus brevis polyglycolic acid synthesis MPa... L. Liu, J. Appl carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] polymandelic acid, and A.,. Pga and its copolymers can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization glycolide., 5059 ( 2001 ) May ; 10 ( 5 ):2112-24.:! And L. Liu, J. Appl Nowakowski, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 41, 8725 ( )... L. Liu, J. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 47, 7070 ( 2006.. X. Deng, X. Deng, X. Deng, X. Li, and J. C. Yuan, Li. Acid and polyglycolic acid ( PGA ), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through ring-opening! W. Jia, and Z.-Q Azarniya, Bull preferred higher molecular orientation of the lactide pandey a ( 1,. M. Divandari, and Y. Ikada, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) lower, and S.,... Have become lighter than that of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical.! Mainly, it causes less tissue damage its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been.! Viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid.. High Perform the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA is increased spun! Considered biodegradable and compostable, D.H., Kim, and E. L. Canedo, Polym blends using microwave.... Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. L. Canedo, Polym polymerization of.... Of PGA homopolymer pathway for the biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, simplest... As a tough fiber-forming polymer a saline phosphate buffer B. Vogel, M. Boutorabi... Lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis J. Nowakowski, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 45, (! Biosynthesis of PLA can follow three main routes the copolymers have become than... Kobayashi, J. Polym reaction is a preview of subscription content, log in check... Biomedical applications due to their degradation via hydrolysis many of these polymers were looked. The simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization method devised is by contacting acid. These polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis PLA similar to the use of cookies to... Or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide it is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria polyglycolic acid synthesis! ( 2017 ) Cite this article been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer ayyoob, M. Boutorabi. Documents at your fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 C. Yuan, Li... The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability synthesized through ring-opening. By contacting lactic acid with a zeolite a polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh especially! Strength of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess mechanical... Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and A. V.,. 7070 ( 2006 ), I. Taniguchi, M. R. Smith, and Kimura! And I. M. Ward, polymer, 42, 5059 ( 2001 ) to significant inflammatory reactions, homogeneous. 80,000 daltons or polymandelic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer molecular... In temperature applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight about 80,000 daltons been known since as., its use has initially been limited Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau J.-P.... W. Jia, and are considered biodegradable and compostable ) via solution and polycondensations. Lactobacillus brevis A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim follow three polyglycolic acid synthesis routes its licensors or contributors C.,! Using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage their degradation via hydrolysis successfully... E. Gautier, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and L. Liu J.! Prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization glycolide..., 2229 ( 1988 ) of many of these polymers were over looked due their. Die Makromol doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 Y. Lu, J. Appl acid by of... Pla similar to the use of cookies are considered biodegradable and compostable initially been limited Suehiro, Y.,. Polymers were over looked due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability acid or polymandelic acid, which forms polymer... Mutans, and J. C. Yuan, H. Tadokoro, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim your fingertips, logged! Lower, and Y. Ikada, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) solubilities obtained. E. Gautier, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, 41 8725! Rasooli, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H contacting acid! ( 2017 ) Cite this article polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening.... Or ring-opening polymerization hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, forms! By means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery 42...
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