African crested rat uses poison trick to foil predators. To would-be predators, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is trouble. But these rats turn out to be social, affectionate creatures. A pair of African crested rats. Pinterest. A porcupine-like rat turns its quills into lethal weapons by coating them with a plant toxin, a new study says. Intriguingly, those flanks have rows of weird hairs. For a rodent that resembles a … To better understand the ecology of this unusual poisonous mammal, we used camera … About sharing. Credit: Stephanie Higgins. A giant rodent known as the African crested rat is, despite its adorable appearance, deadly. The African crested rat is a rabbit-sized rodent that is the only known mammal to sequester plant toxins as a chemical defense. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) slathers its fur in a deadly toxin. close. hide caption. The African crested rat was long thought to be solitary. Now researchers believe the creatures may live in bonded pairs, and their young may stay with them for a long time. The New York Times SEPTEMBER 12, 2019 For Poison Dart Frogs, Markings Matter When It Comes to Survival An experiment found that white-striped frogs were less effective at scaring off predators than frogs with yellow stripes. The bark, wood and roots of Acokanthera schimperi are used as an important ingredient of arrow poison in Africa. But these rats turn out to be social, affectionate creatures. After a childhood spent growing up in East Africa, Kingdon was familiar enough with these creatures to be able to describe them in the 1974 opus he wrote on African mammals. It's felled more than a few hungry dogs over the years. The African crested rat gnaws on poisonous tree branches, then grooms its noxious spittle into its fur. Stephanie Higgins The African crested rat sequesters poisons from Acokanthera schimperi into specialized hairs, shown here alongside typical hairs. Still, he says, there are many unanswered questions that "scream for attention, most notably the precise chemistry and evolutionary history of crested rat saliva. He and some colleagues are working to sequence the entire genome of African crested rats, to try to understand what it is about their biological make up that lets them casually gnaw on such a super-toxic plant. That structure appears to let the hairs act like a sponge for absorbing poison, which the rat obtains from a plant and deliberately applies to its own body. Neighboring African hunters use the same substance to make elephant-grade poison … When offered cuttings of Acokanthera, some of the animals chomped on the bark then groomed it into their stripes. The African crested rat's fuzzy fur has hairs loaded with a poison that can purportedly fell an elephant. Weinstein and her colleagues wanted to confirm that this unusual behavior seen in a single rat was, in fact, widespread in this species. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) is hardly the continent's most fearsome-looking creature—the rabbit-sized rodent resembles a gray puffball crossed with a … "They're actually about the size of a small skunk," she says. To would-be predators, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is trouble. The animals don't look at all like a typical city rat. In the Journal of Mammalogy, they say about half of them chewed on the tree branches and applied poison to their hair. But only one crested rat, held in captivity, was observed engaging in these slathering shenanigans in the 2011 paper, raising the possibility that the behavior had been a fluke. By. An undated photo provided by Stephanie Higgins shows an African crested rat. The African crested rat - also known as the maned rat - is normally a rather unassuming and sluggish creature. A new study discovered an unexpectedly rich social life. Credit: Sara B. Weinstein. "Basically, it's the only known mammal to date, at least that we know of, that co-opts toxins from a plant to make itself venomous," says Adam Ferguson, a mammal expert at the Field Museum in Chicago who says he's obsessed with these rats. It is the only known rodent species to do this, and one of the very few mammals that use poison found in plants for defensive purposes. Give them an opportunity, and African crested rats will take nibbles from the department of a poison arrow tree. The crested rat actively transfers poison onto its fur in the form of cardiac glycosides. The ritual transforms the rats into the world’s only known toxic rodents, and ranks them among the few mammals that borrow poisons from plants. Copy link. A poisonous rat that licks deadly toxins onto its own fur sounds like some kind of made-up nightmare species. To would-be predators, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is trouble. A poisonous rat that licks deadly toxins onto its own fur sounds like some kind of made-up nightmare species. A poisonous rat that licks deadly toxins onto its own fur sounds like some kind of made-up nightmare species. It’s not for nutrition. Give them a chance and African crested rats will take nibbles from the branch of a poison arrow tree. Facebook. Dr. Weinstein’s research, which was published last week in the Journal of Mammalogy, is not the first to document the crested rats’ bizarre behavior. In sharp contrast to most of their skittish rodent kin, Lophiomys imhausi lumber about with the languidness of porcupines. "If a dog tried to attack them, the dogs would get sick and die. ", The African crested rat sequesters poisons from Acokanthera schimperi into specialized hairs, shown here alongside typical hairs. The maned rat or (African) crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) is a nocturnal, long-haired and bushy-tailed East African rodent that superficially resembles a porcupine. To better understand the ecology of this unusual poisonous mammal, we used camera … “Monogamy is very rare in mammals,” said Ricardo Mallarino, an evolutionary biologist at Princeton who wasn’t involved in the study. "Every once in a while they did it, but not always," says Weinstein, who says what triggers a rat to anoint itself remains a mystery. A study has shed new light on a mysterious and rare rodent, confirming a long-held suspicion that the tiny creature's fur is laced with poison.The study of the From that point forward, if they trapped an animal in one location, they'd set up other traps to try to trap more—and they often did. But these rats turn out to be social, affectionate creatures. These spongy hairs include a poison highly effective sufficient to deliver an elephant to its knees, and are central to Dr. Weinstein’s latest analysis, which confirmed concepts about how this rat makes itself so lethal. To find out if packing poison was common, the new research trapped 25 African crested rats to gather the largest sample size ever studied. Then they happened to trap a male and a female rat living in the same area. A close-up view of the African crested rat’s poison anointed hairs. An African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, chews the poisonous Acokanthera tree and applies it to its fur The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) is found in the north east of continent, and has long been thought to be poisonous: there have been several reports of … A study has shed new light on a mysterious and rare rodent, confirming a long-held suspicion that the tiny creature's fur is laced with poison. (Those that survive their encounters tend to give the rats a wide berth.) By Rebecca Morelle Science reporter, BBC News . Rat-shaped little cows. Give them a chance and African crested rats will take nibbles from the branch of a poison arrow tree. "This latest paper is a very nice piece of work," says Jonathan Kingdon, a zoologist at the University of Oxford who led the team that first observed a rat chewing bark and applying poison. Twitter. When cornered, they fluff up the fur along their backs into a tip-frosted mohawk, revealing rows of black-and-white bands that run like racing stripes down their flanks — and, at their center, a thicket of specialized brown hairs with a honeycomb-like texture. (It’s also called the “maned rat”.) The African crested rat is the only mammal known to sequester plant toxins for chemical defense. But the new paper adds weight to an idea described nearly a decade ago, and offers an early glimpse into the animals’ social lives. When the two rats were put in the same enclosure, "they started grooming each other and they went into the nest box together," says Weinstein, "which totally changed how we were thinking about these animals and their behavior.". People in East Africa have long known about the crested rat’s poisonous punch, which has felled many an overcurious dog. It’s not for vitamin. The crested rat actively transfers poison onto its fur in the form of cardiac glycosides. The African crested rat may look adorable, but its fur is packed with enough poison to fell an elephant and just a few milligrams can kill a human. “That’s not what they were hoping was in there.”, This Rat Covers Itself With Poison That Can Take Out an Elephant. Microscopic image of the specialized hairs that the African crested rat anoints with poison from Acokanthera schimperi. African Crested Rat Can Poison Itself. hide caption. A poisonous rat that licks deadly toxins onto its own fur sounds like some kind of made-up nightmare species. The researchers found evidence that some of the male and female rats might go steady, or even jointly care for their young, while in captivity. Sara Weinstein/Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. Share. The behavior truly seemed to have no negative effect on the animals, which remained perfectly active and healthy inside their enclosures, she says, noting that "if I was to go out there and start chewing on this tree, I would get incredibly sick and probably die.". Those spongy hairs contain a poison powerful enough to bring an elephant to its knees, and are central to Dr. Weinstein’s recent research, which confirmed ideas about how this rat makes itself so deadly. An African crested rat is a rabbit-sized rodent that is the only known mammal to sequester plant toxins as a chemical defense Credit: Stephanie Higgins People in East Africa have long suspected the rat to be poisonous. In the chase that ensued, some of the packets of poop ripped open, scattering scat all about. Neighboring African hunters use the same substance to make elephant-grade poison … 1. The crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is the only mammal known to sequester plant toxins.Found in eastern Africa, this large rodent is thought to defend against predation by coating specialized hairs along its sides with cardenolide toxins from the poison arrow tree, Acokanthera schimperi. For a rodent that resembles a child who loves skunk and steel wool brushes. A 2011 paper proposed these large rodents sequester toxins from the poison arrow tree (Acokanthera schimperi). Twitter. “We put these two rats together in the enclosure and they started purring and grooming each other. A giant rodent known as the African crested rat is, despite its adorable appearance, deadly. For their new paper, Dr. Weinstein and her team snared 25 rodents and filmed them in the lab. Folks who live in East Africa have long known the African-crested rat is poisonous. The discovery thrilled mammologists. 0. This Rat Covers Itself With Poison That Can Take Out an Elephant. They dwell in forested areas on the eastern side of the continent, and people there have long known to steer clear of these elusive black and white rodents. Research collaboration confirms that African crested rats, L. imhausi, not only store poison as a protective mechanism, but appear to be resistant to the toxins themselves. That structure appears to let the hairs act like a sponge for absorbing poison, which the rat obtains from a plant and deliberately applies to its own body. Give them an opportunity, and African crested rats will take nibbles from the department of a poison arrow tree. A study has shed new light on a mysterious and rare rodent, confirming a long-held suspicion that the tiny creature's fur is laced with poison. In 2011, a team of researchers described the heart-stopping toxins that the rats milked from Acokanthera schimperi, a tree traditionally harvested by hunters who would use its juices to lace their arrows. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhaus i) is hardly the continent’s most fearsome-looking creature—the rabbit-sized rodent resembles a gray puffball crossed with a skunk—yet its fur is packed with a poison so lethal it can fell an elephant, and just a few milligrams can kill a human. It contains a toxin purportedly potent enough to kill an elephant, when applied to an arrow head. 3 August 2011. The African crested rat is the only mammal known to sequester plant toxins for chemical defense. African crested rats deter predators by borrowing poison bark Scientists have found the first example of a mammal that uses poison from … Kate Shaw Yoshida - Aug 9, 2011 12:00 pm UTC But these creatures are real, and scientists now say they are also unexpectedly affectionate—at least with their own kind. (Those that survive their encounters tend to give the rats … Crested rats do not produce their own poison like the duck billed platypus, which has a poisonous spur on its hind foot, or Solenodon shrews which make poisonous saliva. The world's only poisonous rodent, the maned rat borrows toxins from plants to fend off predators. “The monkeys, I think, were equally disappointed,” Dr. Weinstein said. WhatsApp. The African crested rat's fuzzy fur has hairs loaded with a poison that can purportedly fell an elephant. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) slathers its fur in a deadly toxin. (Like all other rodents, they are incapable of vomiting.). Stephanie Higgins It’s not for nutrition. The scientists watched as the rat chewed on the bark, mixing it with saliva. But these creatures are real, and scientists now say they are also unexpectedly affectionate—at least with their own kind. Ashok Singh - November 25, 2020. A microscope view of the hairs of the African crested rat, showing the honeycomb-like structure that allows them to hold the poison. The rats don’t have to do this very often to remain poisonous. The African crested rat is the only mammal known to sequester lethal plant toxins. “If a dog tried to attack them, the dogs would get sick and die. Facebook. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhaus i) is hardly the continent’s most fearsome-looking creature—the rabbit-sized rodent resembles a gray puffball crossed with a skunk—yet its fur is packed with a poison so lethal it can fell an elephant, and just a few milligrams can kill a human. The experiment proved that the African crested rats are the only mammals immune to poison arrow tree toxins and strengthened the 2011 study with a larger data set. But its poison is not its own. "As mammologists and biologists, and humans in general, we're obsessed with rare things. Instead, the African crested rat will gnaw on branches of poison arrow trees, and then coat its fur with the poison, becoming truly toxic in the process. It also had an added benefit, as Weinstein explained in the press release. To would-be predators, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is trouble. So that information has been sort of circulating around for a very long time," says Sara Weinstein, a researcher with the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Utah who has worked with colleagues in Kenya to trap and study the rats. The African crested rat's fuzzy fur has hairs loaded with a poison that can purportedly fell an elephant. Lophiomys data is apparently precious to simians other than humans as well. These spongy hairs include a poison highly effective sufficient to deliver an elephant to its knees, and are central to Dr. Weinstein’s latest analysis, which confirmed concepts about how this rat makes itself so lethal. All plant parts contain acovenoside A and ouabaïne, which are cardiotonic glycosides. They also wanted to check to see if this rat's health really was unaffected by this poison. For a rodent that resembles the love child of a skunk and a steel wool brush, the African crested rat carries itself with a surprising amount of swagger. A poisonous rat that licks deadly toxins onto its own fur sounds like some kind of made-up nightmare species. ", Ferguson says this rat has long been almost "mythical, in that it's eluded our understanding, and there's been speculation. Instead, they will chew chunks of the plants and spit them back out into their fur, anointing themselves with a form of chemical armor that most likely protects them from predators like hyenas and wild dogs. 0. Folks who live in East Africa have long known the African-crested rat is poisonous. Then the animal coated its specialized hairs with the foul mixture. The African crested rat (Lophiomys imhausi) is hardly the continent’s most fearsome-looking creature—the rabbit-sized rodent resembles a gray puffball crossed with a skunk—yet its fur is packed with a poison so lethal it can fell an elephant and just a few milligrams can kill a human. The African crested rat sequesters poisons from Acokanthera schimperi into specialized hairs, shown here alongside typical hairs. They're much thicker than normal hairs, says Weinstein, "and they've got this really interesting honeycomb structure. It’s not for nutrition. The African crested rat gnaws on poisonous tree branches, then grooms its noxious spittle into its fur. But these creatures are real, and scientists now say they are also unexpectedly affectionate—at least with their own kind. The rats “very much have the personality of something that knows it’s poisonous,” says Sara Weinstein, a biologist at the University of Utah and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute who studies them. In various parts of East Africa lives a black-and-white striped rodent, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi. African crested rats are rabbit-size fuzzballs with endearing faces and a catlike purr. Like a skunk, these creatures have black and white markings that may serve as a warning. By. Instead, they will chew chunks of the plants and spit them back out into their fur, anointing themselves with a form of chemical armor that most likely protects them from predators like hyenas and wild dogs. Published. When the animal is threatened, it flares its fur to expose black and white stripes on its flanks. 1. While doing field work in Kenya, Dr. Weinstein was horrified when a gang of monkeys broke into her lab and absconded with some of the team’s crested rat fecal samples. Abstract. ", Sara Weinstein/Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. Ashok Singh - November 25, 2020. It sure looked like two knew each other and wanted to be together. I call it the “skunk rat” because of its similar black-and-white striped pattern, because, like skunks, it moves slowly (especially for a rodent), and because, also like skunks, encounters with it are unpleasant. hide caption. African Crested Rat Can Poison Itself. But now we're finally trying to get at what really goes on with this rat.". People in East Africa have long known about the crested rat’s poisonous punch, which has felled many an overcurious dog. Its fruit is edible, and is eaten as a famine food. By talking with locals that still use the poison arrow tree sap on their arrows, researchers learned that the compounds are extremely stable. “We’re now just starting to unpack what makes this animal tick.”. Share page. Sara Weinstein/Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute To would-be predators, the African crested rat, Lophiomys imhausi, is trouble. The African crested rat was long thought to be solitary. The African crested rat sequesters poisons from Acokanthera schimperi into specialized hairs, shown here alongside typical hairs. They dwell in forested areas on the eastern side of the continent, and people there have long known to steer clear of these elusive black and white rodents. After reviewing almost 1,000 hours of … Pinterest. A porcupine-like rat turns its quills into lethal weapons by coating them with a plant toxin, a new study says. The African crested rat is listed as IUCN species of least concern, but there’s little actual data on the animals. They are pretty fuzzy." "This thing is unique," notes Ferguson. As if the idea of giant rats wasn’t freaky enough, a group of scientists have confirmed that the African crested rat, a rabbit-sized rodent, can lace its fur with poison … Abstract. Biologist Sara Weinstein and her colleagues saw African crested rats in Kenya chewing poisonous tree bark, and combing the toxin into specialized hairs on their coats. 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